{"schema_version":"public-product-v1.1","generated_at":"2026-07-21T10:31:20Z","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","advisory":{"id":"cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","slug":"cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","vendor":"Cisco","title":"Cisco Security Appliances AsyncOS Software Update Server Certificate Validation Vulnerability","summary":"A vulnerability in the update functionality of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA), Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA), and Cisco Content Management Security Appliance (SMA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to impersonate the update server. The vulnerability is due to a lack of certificate validation during the HTTPS connection toward the repository from which the update manifests are retrieved. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by performing a man-in-the-middle attack (such as DNS hijacking) and impersonating the update server. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability. This advisory is available at the following link: https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","severity":"Medium","published_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","csaf_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/contentjson/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos/csaf/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos.json","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure."},"freshness":{"last_source_refreshed_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","latest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","oldest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","all_sources_fresh":true,"sources":[{"source":"cisco_advisories","label":"Cisco advisories","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisco_csaf","label":"Cisco CSAF","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:14:24Z","stale":false},{"source":"nvd_cves","label":"NVD CVEs","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:30Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisa_kev","label":"CISA KEV","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:31Z","stale":false},{"source":"first_epss","label":"EPSS","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","stale":false}]},"summary":{"cve_count":1,"visible_product_count":3,"public_evidence_count":3,"kev_count":0,"highest_epss":0.01121},"cves":[{"id":"CVE-2016-1411","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.01121,"percentile":0.62562,"score_date":"2026-07-19","updated_at":"2026-07-20T05:46:47Z"}}],"public_evidence":[{"product":{"name":"Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA)","slug":"cisco-email-security-appliance-esa","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2016-1411"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product 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exposure.","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.01121,"score_date":"2026-07-19","updated_at":"2026-07-20T05:46:47Z"},"published_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","advisory_updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","row_display_order":1},{"product":{"name":"Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA)","slug":"cisco-web-security-appliance-wsa","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2016-1411"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product evidence","label":"product_status known affected"},"evidence_source":"Cisco CSAF","source":"Cisco CSAF","source_document_fetched_at":"2026-07-20T04:38:06Z","csaf_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status_path":"vulnerabilities[].product_status.known_affected","raw_product_name":"Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA)","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","exposure_verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.01121,"score_date":"2026-07-19","updated_at":"2026-07-20T05:46:47Z"},"published_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","advisory_updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","row_display_order":2},{"product":{"name":"Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA)","slug":"cisco-content-security-management-appliance-sma","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2016-1411"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product evidence","label":"product_status 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exposure.","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.01121,"score_date":"2026-07-19","updated_at":"2026-07-20T05:46:47Z"},"published_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","advisory_updated_at":"2016-12-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20161207-asyncos","row_display_order":3}]}