{"schema_version":"public-product-v1.1","generated_at":"2026-07-21T16:24:59Z","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","advisory":{"id":"cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh","slug":"cisco-sa-bootstrap-kfgxygdh","vendor":"Cisco","title":"Cisco IOS XE Software Bootstrap Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability","summary":"A vulnerability in the bootstrap loading of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to write arbitrary files to an affected system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of the bootstrap file that is read by the system software when a device is first deployed in SD-WAN mode or when an administrator configures SD-Routing on the device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by modifying a bootstrap file generated by Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, loading it into the device flash, and then either reloading the device in a green field deployment in SD-WAN mode or configuring the device with SD-Routing. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to perform arbitrary file writes to the underlying operating system. Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability. This advisory is available at the following link:https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh This advisory is part of the May 2025 release of the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication. For a complete list of the advisories and links to them, see Cisco Event Response: May 2025 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication.","severity":"Medium","published_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh","csaf_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/contentjson/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh/csaf/cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh.json","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure."},"freshness":{"last_source_refreshed_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","latest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","oldest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","all_sources_fresh":true,"sources":[{"source":"cisco_advisories","label":"Cisco advisories","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisco_csaf","label":"Cisco CSAF","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:14:24Z","stale":false},{"source":"nvd_cves","label":"NVD CVEs","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:30Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisa_kev","label":"CISA KEV","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:31Z","stale":false},{"source":"first_epss","label":"EPSS","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","stale":false}]},"summary":{"cve_count":1,"visible_product_count":1,"public_evidence_count":1,"kev_count":0,"highest_epss":0.00148},"cves":[{"id":"CVE-2025-20155","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.00148,"percentile":0.04454,"score_date":"2026-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z"}}],"public_evidence":[{"product":{"name":"Cisco IOS XE Software","slug":"cisco-ios-xe-software","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2025-20155"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product evidence","label":"product_status known affected"},"evidence_source":"Cisco CSAF","source":"Cisco CSAF","source_document_fetched_at":"2026-07-20T01:59:14Z","csaf_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status_path":"vulnerabilities[].product_status.known_affected","raw_product_name":"17.11.99SW; 17.12.1; 17.12.1a; 17.12.1w; 17.12.1x; 17.12.1y; 17.12.1z; 17.12.1z1; 17.12.2; 17.12.2a; 17.12.3; 17.12.3a; 17.12.4; 17.12.4a; 17.12.4b; 17.13.1; 17.13.1a; 17.14.1; 17.14.1a; 17.9.4; 17.9.4a; 17.9.5; 17.9.5a; 17.9.5b; 17.9.5c; 17.9.5d; 17.9.5e; 17.9.5f; 17.9.6; 17.9.6a; 17.9.6b","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","exposure_verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.00148,"score_date":"2026-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z"},"published_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","advisory_updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh","remediation":{"url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-bootstrap-KfgxYgdh"},"row_display_order":1}]}