{"schema_version":"public-product-v1.1","generated_at":"2026-07-21T16:35:15Z","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","advisory":{"id":"cisco-sa-ios-tacacs-hdB7thJw","slug":"cisco-sa-ios-tacacs-hdb7thjw","vendor":"Cisco","title":"Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software TACACS+ Authentication Bypass Vulnerability","summary":"A vulnerability in the implementation of the TACACS+ protocol in Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to view sensitive data or bypass authentication.  This vulnerability exists because the system does not properly check whether the required TACACS+ shared secret is configured. A machine-in-the-middle attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and reading unencrypted TACACS+ messages or impersonating the TACACS+ server and falsely accepting arbitrary authentication requests. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view sensitive information in a TACACS+ message or bypass authentication and gain access to the affected device.   Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are workarounds that address this vulnerability. This advisory is available at the following link:https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ios-tacacs-hdB7thJw This advisory is part of the September 2025 release of the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication. For a complete list of the advisories and links to them, see Cisco Event Response: September 2025 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication.","severity":"High","published_at":"2025-09-24T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2025-10-01T16:39:50Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ios-tacacs-hdB7thJw","csaf_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/contentjson/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ios-tacacs-hdB7thJw/csaf/cisco-sa-ios-tacacs-hdB7thJw.json","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure."},"freshness":{"last_source_refreshed_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","latest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","oldest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","all_sources_fresh":true,"sources":[{"source":"cisco_advisories","label":"Cisco advisories","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisco_csaf","label":"Cisco CSAF","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:14:24Z","stale":false},{"source":"nvd_cves","label":"NVD CVEs","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:30Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisa_kev","label":"CISA KEV","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:31Z","stale":false},{"source":"first_epss","label":"EPSS","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","stale":false}]},"summary":{"cve_count":1,"visible_product_count":3,"public_evidence_count":3,"kev_count":0,"highest_epss":0.00435},"cves":[{"id":"CVE-2025-20160","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.00435,"percentile":0.35334,"score_date":"2026-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z"}}],"public_evidence":[{"product":{"name":"Cisco IOS","slug":"cisco-ios","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2025-20160"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product evidence","label":"product_status known affected"},"evidence_source":"Cisco CSAF","source":"Cisco CSAF","source_document_fetched_at":"2026-07-20T01:24:55Z","csaf_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status_path":"vulnerabilities[].product_status.known_affected","raw_product_name":"12.2(6)I1; 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