{"schema_version":"public-product-v1.1","generated_at":"2026-07-21T10:39:41Z","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","advisory":{"id":"cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn","slug":"cisco-sa-twamp-kv4fhugn","vendor":"Cisco","title":"Cisco IOS, IOS XE, and IOS XR Software TWAMP Denial of Service Vulnerability","summary":"A vulnerability in the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) server feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. For Cisco IOS XR Software, this vulnerability could cause the ipsla_ippm_server process to reload unexpectedly if debugs are enabled. This vulnerability is due to out-of-bounds array access when processing specially crafted TWAMP control packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted TWAMP control packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Note: For Cisco IOS XR Software, only the ipsla_ippm_server process reloads unexpectedly and only when debugs are enabled. The vulnerability details for Cisco IOS XR Software are as follows:    Security Impact Rating (SIR): Low    CVSS Base Score: 3.7    CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability. This advisory is available at the following link:https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn This advisory is part of the May 2025 release of the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication. For a complete list of the advisories and links to them, see Cisco Event Response: May 2025 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication.","severity":"High","published_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn","csaf_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/contentjson/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn/csaf/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn.json","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure."},"freshness":{"last_source_refreshed_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","latest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","oldest_source_refresh_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","all_sources_fresh":true,"sources":[{"source":"cisco_advisories","label":"Cisco advisories","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T03:00:03Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisco_csaf","label":"Cisco CSAF","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:14:24Z","stale":false},{"source":"nvd_cves","label":"NVD CVEs","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:30Z","stale":false},{"source":"cisa_kev","label":"CISA KEV","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:31Z","stale":false},{"source":"first_epss","label":"EPSS","last_success_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z","stale":false}]},"summary":{"cve_count":1,"visible_product_count":5,"public_evidence_count":5,"kev_count":0,"highest_epss":0.00442},"cves":[{"id":"CVE-2025-20154","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.00442,"percentile":0.35856,"score_date":"2026-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z"}}],"public_evidence":[{"product":{"name":"Cisco IOS XE Software","slug":"cisco-ios-xe-software","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2025-20154"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product evidence","label":"product_status known affected"},"evidence_source":"Cisco CSAF","source":"Cisco CSAF","source_document_fetched_at":"2026-07-20T01:51:48Z","csaf_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status_path":"vulnerabilities[].product_status.known_affected","raw_product_name":"16.1.1; 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15.1(2)SY1; 15.1(2)SY10; 15.1(2)SY11; 15.1(2)SY12; 15.1(2)SY13; 15.1(2)SY14; 15.1(2)SY15; 15.1(2)SY16; 15.1(2)SY16a; 15.1(2)SY16b; 15.1(2)SY2; 15.1(2)SY3; 15.1(2)SY6; 15.1(2)SY7; 15.1(2)SY8; 15.1(2)SY9; 15.1(3)SVR1; 15.1(3)SVR10; 15.1(3)SVR2; 15.1(3)SVR3; 15.1(3)SVS; 15.1(3)SVS1; 15.1(3)SVT1; 15.1(3)SVT2; 15.1(3)SVT3; 15.1(3)SVT4; 15.1(3)SVU1; 15.1(3)SVU10; 15.1(3)SVU11; 15.1(3)SVU2; 15.1(3)SVU20; 15.1(3)SVU21; 15.1(3)SVV1; 15.1(3)SVV2; 15.1(3)SVV3; 15.1(3)SVV4; 15.1(3)SVW; 15.1(3)SVW1; 15.1(3)SVX; 15.1(3)SVX1; 15.2(1)E; 15.2(1)E1; 15.2(1)E2; 15.2(1)E3; 15.2(1)EY; 15.2(1)SC1a; 15.2(1)SD1; 15.2(1)SD2; 15.2(1)SD3; 15.2(1)SD4; 15.2(1)SD6; 15.2(1)SD6a; 15.2(1)SD7; 15.2(1)SD8; 15.2(1)SY; 15.2(1)SY0a; 15.2(1)SY1; 15.2(1)SY1a; 15.2(1)SY2; 15.2(1)SY3; 15.2(1)SY4; 15.2(1)SY5; 15.2(1)SY6; 15.2(1)SY7; 15.2(1)SY8; 15.2(2)E; 15.2(2)E1; 15.2(2)E10; 15.2(2)E10a; 15.2(2)E10b; 15.2(2)E10c; 15.2(2)E10d; 15.2(2)E2; 15.2(2)E3; 15.2(2)E4; 15.2(2)E5; 15.2(2)E5a; 15.2(2)E5b; 15.2(2)E6; 15.2(2)E7; 15.2(2)E8; 15.2(2)E9; 15.2(2)E9a; 15.2(2)EA; 15.2(2)EA1; 15.2(2)EA2; 15.2(2)EA3; 15.2(2)EB; 15.2(2)EB1; 15.2(2)EB2; 15.2(2)S; 15.2(2)S0a; 15.2(2)S0c; 15.2(2)S0d; 15.2(2)S1; 15.2(2)S2; 15.2(2)SC; 15.2(2)SC1; 15.2(2)SC3; 15.2(2)SC4; 15.2(2)SY; 15.2(2)SY1; 15.2(2)SY2; 15.2(2)SY3; 15.2(2a)E1; 15.2(2a)E2; 15.2(2b)E; 15.2(3)E; 15.2(3)E1; 15.2(3)E2; 15.2(3)E3; 15.2(3)E4; 15.2(3)EA; 15.2(3)GC; 15.2(3)GC1; 15.2(3a)E; 15.2(3m)E2; 15.2(3m)E7; 15.2(3m)E8; 15.2(4)E; 15.2(4)E1; 15.2(4)E10; 15.2(4)E10a; 15.2(4)E10b; 15.2(4)E10c; 15.2(4)E10d; 15.2(4)E2; 15.2(4)E3; 15.2(4)E4; 15.2(4)E5; 15.2(4)E6; 15.2(4)E7; 15.2(4)E8; 15.2(4)E9; 15.2(4)EA; 15.2(4)EA1; 15.2(4)EA2; 15.2(4)EA3; 15.2(4)EA4; 15.2(4)EA5; 15.2(4)EA6; 15.2(4)EA7; 15.2(4)EA8; 15.2(4)EA9; 15.2(4)EA9a; 15.2(4)EC1; 15.2(4)EC2; 15.2(4)GC; 15.2(4)GC1; 15.2(4)GC2; 15.2(4)GC3; 15.2(4)M; 15.2(4)M1; 15.2(4)M10; 15.2(4)M11; 15.2(4)M2; 15.2(4)M3; 15.2(4)M4; 15.2(4)M5; 15.2(4)M6; 15.2(4)M6a; 15.2(4)M6b; 15.2(4)M7; 15.2(4)M8; 15.2(4)M9; 15.2(4)S; 15.2(4)S0c; 15.2(4)S1; 15.2(4)S1c; 15.2(4)S2; 15.2(4)S3; 15.2(4)S3a; 15.2(4)S4; 15.2(4)S4a; 15.2(4)S5; 15.2(4)S6; 15.2(4)S7; 15.2(4)S8; 15.2(4m)E1; 15.2(4m)E2; 15.2(4m)E3; 15.2(4n)E2; 15.2(4o)E2; 15.2(4o)E3; 15.2(4p)E1; 15.2(4q)E1; 15.2(4s)E1; 15.2(5)E; 15.2(5)E1; 15.2(5)E2; 15.2(5)E2c; 15.2(5)EA; 15.2(5)EX; 15.2(5a)E; 15.2(5a)E1; 15.2(5b)E; 15.2(5c)E; 15.2(6)E; 15.2(6)E0a; 15.2(6)E0c; 15.2(6)E1; 15.2(6)E1a; 15.2(6)E1s; 15.2(6)E2; 15.2(6)E2a; 15.2(6)E2b; 15.2(6)E3; 15.2(6)EB; 15.2(7)E; 15.2(7)E0a; 15.2(7)E0b; 15.2(7)E0s; 15.2(7)E1; 15.2(7)E10; 15.2(7)E11; 15.2(7)E1a; 15.2(7)E2; 15.2(7)E2a; 15.2(7)E2b; 15.2(7)E3; 15.2(7)E3k; 15.2(7)E4; 15.2(7)E5; 15.2(7)E6; 15.2(7)E7; 15.2(7)E8; 15.2(7)E9; 15.2(7a)E0b; 15.2(7b)E0b; 15.2(8)E; 15.2(8)E1; 15.2(8)E2; 15.2(8)E3; 15.2(8)E4; 15.2(8)E5; 15.2(8)E6; 15.2(8)E7; 15.3(0)SY; 15.3(1)S; 15.3(1)S1; 15.3(1)S1e; 15.3(1)S2; 15.3(1)SY; 15.3(1)SY1; 15.3(1)SY2; 15.3(1)T; 15.3(1)T1; 15.3(1)T2; 15.3(1)T3; 15.3(1)T4; 15.3(2)S; 15.3(2)S1; 15.3(2)S2; 15.3(2)T; 15.3(2)T1; 15.3(2)T2; 15.3(2)T3; 15.3(2)T4; 15.3(3)M; 15.3(3)M1; 15.3(3)M10; 15.3(3)M2; 15.3(3)M3; 15.3(3)M4; 15.3(3)M5; 15.3(3)M6; 15.3(3)M7; 15.3(3)M8; 15.3(3)M8a; 15.3(3)M9; 15.3(3)S; 15.3(3)S1; 15.3(3)S10; 15.3(3)S1a; 15.3(3)S2; 15.3(3)S2a; 15.3(3)S3; 15.3(3)S4; 15.3(3)S5; 15.3(3)S6; 15.3(3)S6a; 15.3(3)S7; 15.3(3)S8; 15.3(3)S8a; 15.3(3)S9; 15.3(3)XB12; 15.4(1)CG; 15.4(1)CG1; 15.4(1)S; 15.4(1)S1; 15.4(1)S2; 15.4(1)S3; 15.4(1)S4; 15.4(1)SY; 15.4(1)SY1; 15.4(1)SY2; 15.4(1)SY3; 15.4(1)SY4; 15.4(1)T; 15.4(1)T1; 15.4(1)T2; 15.4(1)T3; 15.4(1)T4; 15.4(2)CG; 15.4(2)S; 15.4(2)S1; 15.4(2)S2; 15.4(2)S3; 15.4(2)S4; 15.4(2)SN; 15.4(2)SN1; 15.4(2)T; 15.4(2)T1; 15.4(2)T2; 15.4(2)T3; 15.4(2)T4; 15.4(3)M; 15.4(3)M1; 15.4(3)M10; 15.4(3)M2; 15.4(3)M4; 15.4(3)M5; 15.4(3)M6; 15.4(3)M6a; 15.4(3)M7; 15.4(3)M7a; 15.4(3)M8; 15.4(3)M9; 15.4(3)S; 15.4(3)S0d; 15.4(3)S0e; 15.4(3)S0f; 15.4(3)S1; 15.4(3)S10; 15.4(3)S2; 15.4(3)S3; 15.4(3)S4; 15.4(3)S5; 15.4(3)S6; 15.4(3)S6a; 15.4(3)S7; 15.4(3)S8; 15.4(3)S9; 15.4(3)SN1; 15.4(3)SN1a; 15.5(1)S; 15.5(1)S1; 15.5(1)S2; 15.5(1)S3; 15.5(1)S4; 15.5(1)SN; 15.5(1)SN1; 15.5(1)SY; 15.5(1)SY1; 15.5(1)SY10; 15.5(1)SY11; 15.5(1)SY12; 15.5(1)SY13; 15.5(1)SY14; 15.5(1)SY2; 15.5(1)SY3; 15.5(1)SY4; 15.5(1)SY5; 15.5(1)SY6; 15.5(1)SY7; 15.5(1)SY8; 15.5(1)SY9; 15.5(1)T3; 15.5(1)T4; 15.5(2)S; 15.5(2)S1; 15.5(2)S2; 15.5(2)S3; 15.5(2)S4; 15.5(2)SN; 15.5(2)T; 15.5(2)T1; 15.5(2)T2; 15.5(2)T3; 15.5(2)T4; 15.5(3)M; 15.5(3)M0a; 15.5(3)M1; 15.5(3)M10; 15.5(3)M11; 15.5(3)M11a; 15.5(3)M11b; 15.5(3)M2; 15.5(3)M2a; 15.5(3)M3; 15.5(3)M4; 15.5(3)M4a; 15.5(3)M4b; 15.5(3)M4c; 15.5(3)M5; 15.5(3)M6; 15.5(3)M6a; 15.5(3)M7; 15.5(3)M8; 15.5(3)M9; 15.5(3)S; 15.5(3)S0a; 15.5(3)S1; 15.5(3)S10; 15.5(3)S10a; 15.5(3)S10b; 15.5(3)S1a; 15.5(3)S2; 15.5(3)S3; 15.5(3)S4; 15.5(3)S5; 15.5(3)S6; 15.5(3)S6a; 15.5(3)S6b; 15.5(3)S7; 15.5(3)S8; 15.5(3)S9; 15.5(3)S9a; 15.5(3)SN; 15.5(3)SN0a; 15.6(1)S; 15.6(1)S1; 15.6(1)S2; 15.6(1)S3; 15.6(1)S4; 15.6(1)SN; 15.6(1)SN1; 15.6(1)SN2; 15.6(1)SN3; 15.6(1)T; 15.6(1)T0a; 15.6(1)T1; 15.6(1)T2; 15.6(1)T3; 15.6(2)S; 15.6(2)S1; 15.6(2)S2; 15.6(2)S3; 15.6(2)S4; 15.6(2)SN; 15.6(2)SP; 15.6(2)SP1; 15.6(2)SP2; 15.6(2)SP3; 15.6(2)SP4; 15.6(2)SP5; 15.6(2)SP6; 15.6(2)SP7; 15.6(2)SP8; 15.6(2)SP8a; 15.6(2)SP9; 15.6(2)T; 15.6(2)T0a; 15.6(2)T1; 15.6(2)T2; 15.6(2)T3; 15.6(3)M; 15.6(3)M0a; 15.6(3)M1; 15.6(3)M1a; 15.6(3)M1b; 15.6(3)M2; 15.6(3)M2a; 15.6(3)M3; 15.6(3)M3a; 15.6(3)M4; 15.6(3)M5; 15.6(3)M6; 15.6(3)M6a; 15.6(3)M6b; 15.6(3)M7; 15.6(3)M8; 15.6(3)M9; 15.6(3)SN; 15.6(4)SN; 15.6(5)SN; 15.6(7)SN; 15.6(7)SN1; 15.6(7)SN2; 15.7(3)M; 15.7(3)M0a; 15.7(3)M1; 15.7(3)M10; 15.7(3)M10a; 15.7(3)M10b; 15.7(3)M2; 15.7(3)M3; 15.7(3)M4; 15.7(3)M4a; 15.7(3)M4b; 15.7(3)M5; 15.7(3)M6; 15.7(3)M7; 15.7(3)M8; 15.7(3)M9; 15.8(3)M; 15.8(3)M0a; 15.8(3)M0b; 15.8(3)M1; 15.8(3)M1a; 15.8(3)M2; 15.8(3)M2a; 15.8(3)M3; 15.8(3)M3a; 15.8(3)M3b; 15.8(3)M4; 15.8(3)M5; 15.8(3)M6; 15.8(3)M7; 15.8(3)M8; 15.8(3)M9; 15.9(3)M; 15.9(3)M0a; 15.9(3)M1; 15.9(3)M10; 15.9(3)M2; 15.9(3)M2a; 15.9(3)M3; 15.9(3)M3a; 15.9(3)M3b; 15.9(3)M4; 15.9(3)M4a; 15.9(3)M5; 15.9(3)M6; 15.9(3)M6a; 15.9(3)M6b; 15.9(3)M7; 15.9(3)M7a; 15.9(3)M8; 15.9(3)M8a; 15.9(3)M8b; 15.9(3)M9; 15.9(3)M9a","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","exposure_verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.00442,"score_date":"2026-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z"},"published_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","advisory_updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn","remediation":{"url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn"},"row_display_order":4},{"product":{"name":"Cisco IOS XR Software","slug":"cisco-ios-xr-software","vendor":"Cisco"},"cve":{"id":"CVE-2025-20154"},"evidence_type":"structured_affected","evidence_label":{"scope":"CSAF product evidence","label":"product_status known affected"},"evidence_source":"Cisco CSAF","source":"Cisco CSAF","source_document_fetched_at":"2026-07-20T01:51:48Z","csaf_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status":"known_affected","csaf_product_status_path":"vulnerabilities[].product_status.known_affected","raw_product_name":"Cisco IOS XR Software","exposure_verdict":"not_assessed","verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","exposure_verdict_reason":"Public evidence does not evaluate exact release, platform, enabled features, configuration, compensating controls, or live exposure.","kev":false,"epss":{"score":0.00442,"score_date":"2026-07-20","updated_at":"2026-07-21T05:16:34Z"},"published_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","advisory_updated_at":"2025-05-07T16:00:00Z","source_url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn","remediation":{"url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-twamp-kV4FHugn"},"row_display_order":5}]}